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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>CLKs' awareness and capacity to draw on relational affordances as well as learner-internal elements, were important. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as a major reason for them to choose to avoid expressing criticism of a strict professor (see the second example).<br><br>This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic fundamental topics like:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests<br><br>The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. For example the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal differences in communication. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or evaluation.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to manipulate the social variables that are related to politeness could be a benefit. This ability can be used to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most important tools for analyzing learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to investigate various aspects that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical selection. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners speaking.<br><br>Recent research utilized a DCT as an instrument to test the ability to resist of EFL students. The participants were given various scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and  [https://maps.google.com.tr/url?q=https://postheaven.net/satindiving0/10-healthy-habits-for-a-healthy-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯버프] are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They are not necessarily correct,  [https://heavenarticle.com/author/cordfile28-874115/ 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] and they could incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further investigation into alternative methods of testing refusal competence.<br><br>In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally-indirect requests and utilized less hints than email data.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean through a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs are more likely to defy native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, as well as their relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' actual choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of a pragmatic resistance. The interviewees were asked to explain their decision to use pragmatic language in a given situation.<br><br>The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic words like "sorry" or "thank you". This was probably due to their lack of experience with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms,  [https://mozillabd.science/wiki/Aaruprichmond7827 프라그마틱 무료체험] while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other, were then coded. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The coding results are then contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine if they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why some learners are hesitant to adhere to native-speaker pragmatic norms. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental tools, including DCTs,  [http://bbs.qupu123.com/space-uid-2862916.html 프라그마틱 정품확인] MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.<br><br>The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors like their personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life experiences. They also mentioned external factors, such as relational advantages. They also discussed, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural expectations of their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could be subject to if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their local friends might consider them "foreigners" and believe they are incompetent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the default preference for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of L2 students. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is a method that focuses on deep, participatory investigations to explore a particular subject. This method utilizes various sources of data, such as documents, interviews, and observations, to confirm its findings. This type of investigation is ideal for studying specific or complex subjects that are difficult to measure with other methods.<br><br>The first step in conducting a case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject are important for research and which are best left out. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the situation within a larger theoretical framework.<br><br>This study was based on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They tended to select wrong answer options that were literal interpretations of the prompts, which were not based on precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their answers.<br><br>Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.<br><br>The interviewees were presented two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to get along with and was hesitant to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they were working at a high rate despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.