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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>CLKs' understanding and ability to draw on relational affordances and learning-internal factors, were significant. Researchers from TS &amp; ZL for instance, cited their local professor relationship as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2).<br><br>This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic issues such as:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT for instance, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or for assessment purposes.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a benefit. This feature can be used to study the impact of prosody in various cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to study a variety of issues such as the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can be used to assess phonological complexity in learners in their speech.<br><br>A recent study used an DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and required to choose a suitable response from the options provided. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of data collection methods.<br><br>DCTs are often developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers. They are not necessarily precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further studies of alternative methods of assessing refusal competence.<br><br>In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT was more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and  [https://bookmarklayer.com/story18099138/this-is-the-history-of-pragmatic-slots-return-rate-in-10-milestones 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] refusal responses in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current lives and their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations.<br><br>The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and  [https://bookmarkingalpha.com/story18086404/why-all-the-fuss-about-pragmatic 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] 2 norms or  [https://classifylist.com/story19801584/the-no-one-question-that-everyone-in-pragmatic-genuine-should-know-how-to-answer 프라그마틱] to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12,  [https://socialbookmarkgs.com/story18134897/10-things-that-everyone-is-misinformed-about-pragmatic-free-slots 프라그마틱 정품 확인법] 게임 ([https://bookmarkpagerank.com/story18103213/the-pragmatic-slots-experience-awards-the-most-sexiest-worst-and-strangest-things-we-ve-ever-seen Bookmarkpagerank.Com]) the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them. The coding process was an iterative process, in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine if they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.<br><br>Interviews with Refusal<br><br>One of the major questions in pragmatic research is why some learners decide to rescind the pragmatic norms of native speakers. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a variety of research instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.<br><br>The results showed that CLKs on average, did not adhere to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did so even though they could create native-like patterns. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors like relational benefits. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors facilitated a more relaxed performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures and penalties they could face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better know how different cultures may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. Additionally this will allow educators to create more effective methods to teach and test the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigative technique that employs participant-centered, in-depth investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method makes use of multiple data sources like documents, interviews, and observations, to prove its findings. This kind of research can be used to analyze specific or complicated issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.<br><br>In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the purpose of the study. This will help you determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the case in a larger theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to include their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response.<br><br>The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year of university and were hoping to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world.<br><br>Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the strategies below to use when making a demand. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and refused to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.