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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It addresses issues such as: [https://bookmark-dofollow.com/story20402105/10-meetups-on-pragmatic-image-you-should-attend 프라그마틱 무료스핀] 슬롯버프 ([https://kingbookmark.com/story18143500/enough-already-15-things-about-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff-we-re-fed-up-of-hearing Https://Kingbookmark.Com/]) What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each one another. It is often seen as a part of a language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics is focused on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It is a language academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁, [https://xyzbookmarks.com/story17927373/why-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-will-be-your-next-big-obsession my webpage], interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed a variety of methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors based on the quantity of their publications. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, [https://wildbookmarks.com/story18235879/will-free-slot-pragmatic-one-day-rule-the-world 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on how one word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear how they should be drawn. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are a few key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled the debate. For  [https://social-galaxy.com/story3437161/10-healthy-pragmatic-habits 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and [https://pragmatickr64208.blogs-service.com/60927952/how-pragmatic-free-slot-buff-has-changed-the-history-of-pragmatic-free-slot-buff 프라그마틱 이미지] use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of language. It evaluates how human language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They argue that semantics is already determining some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as listener expectations can also change the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in various situations. In some cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in the field. Some of the main areas of study are: formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a broad range of research conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical characteristics and the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide an exhaustive, systematic view of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they are the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement carries the literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement can be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different stance and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways in which the utterance may be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.
+
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on sensible and practical actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the way that language users interact and communicate with each and with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics because pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and  [http://hl0803.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=209711 프라그마틱 정품] how it affects the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding and request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to cultural and social phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on which database is used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of their publications. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language usage rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It studies the ways in which an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely recognized, it's not always clear how they should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be treated as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy since it focuses on how our notions of meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it examines how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring to actual facts about what was said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the overall meaning of a statement.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It examines how language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects which they may or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a lot of research is conducted in this field. There are many different areas of study, [https://maps.google.no/url?q=https://www.pdc.edu/?URL=https://k12.instructure.com/eportfolios/802800/Home/20_Fun_Facts_About_Pragmatic_Official_Website 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타] [https://www.google.bt/url?q=https://writeablog.net/powerhand57/10-pragmatic-slots-return-rate-tips-all-experts-recommend 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료][http://hola666.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=703776 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] - [https://images.google.is/url?q=https://blogfreely.net/fleshsunday71/watch-out-what-pragmatic-image-is-taking-over-and-what-to-do-about-it This Web-site] - including computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they're the identical.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is usually a tussle scholars argue that certain events fall under the umbrella of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, [https://bookmarkfeeds.stream/story.php?title=what-is-pragmatic-and-how-to-use-it-2 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one among many ways in which an word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so reliable when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 02:57, 24 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?

It's a philosophy that is focused on sensible and practical actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your convictions.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the way that language users interact and communicate with each and with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics because pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.

There are many different views on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and 프라그마틱 정품 how it affects the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding and request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to cultural and social phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on which database is used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of their publications. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language usage rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It studies the ways in which an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely recognized, it's not always clear how they should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be treated as a pragmatic issue.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy since it focuses on how our notions of meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages function.

This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it examines how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring to actual facts about what was said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the overall meaning of a statement.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It examines how language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also a variety of views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects which they may or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics is already determining some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a lot of research is conducted in this field. There are many different areas of study, 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 - This Web-site - including computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics, or the philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research that addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.

One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they're the identical.

The debate between these two positions is usually a tussle scholars argue that certain events fall under the umbrella of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one among many ways in which an word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so reliable when compared to other plausible implications.