Difference between revisions of "Why Nobody Cares About Free Pragmatic"

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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and sensible action. It's in opposition to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users gain meaning from and each one another. It is usually thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics studies what the user is trying to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top pragmatics authors according to the number of publications they have published. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It focuses on how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers claim that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and [https://kbookmarking.com/story18296308/a-pragmatic-official-website-success-story-you-ll-never-believe 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] 정품 확인법 ([https://social40.com/story3665984/10-things-your-competitors-can-inform-you-about-pragmatic-game please click the following article]) that it should be considered distinct from the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics,  [https://bookmarkloves.com/story20235641/why-everyone-is-talking-about-pragmatic-free-slots-right-now 프라그마틱 무료] etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it focuses on how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. Some scholars have argued for instance, that pragmatics isn't a subject by itself because it studies how people perceive and use the language, without necessarily referring to actual facts about what was said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater depth. Both papers address the notions of the concept of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that shape the meaning of utterances.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It examines the way humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Relevance Theory for instance is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also divergent views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He asserts that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' in an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word could have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, [https://pragmatic-korea65319.wikicarrier.com/196620/how_to_choose_the_right_pragmatic_online 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. There are many different areas of study, including pragmatics that are computational and formal, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of an speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is connected to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, with a focus on topics such as the significance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined, and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that particular instances fall under the umbrella of either semantics or pragmatics. For instance some scholars believe that if an utterance has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics. On the other hand, others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is sometimes referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far-side approaches trying to understand the entire range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For [https://hyperbookmarks.com/story18306831/are-you-getting-the-most-of-your-pragmatic-kr 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so reliable when contrasted to other possible implicatures.
+
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as what do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, [https://www.metooo.com/u/66e4271bf2059b59ef31a91d 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] 무료슬롯 ([https://www.bitsdujour.com/profiles/y9Ctmy bitsdujour.Com]) but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth, reference, or grammar. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said,  [https://tagoverflow.stream/story.php?title=14-creative-ways-to-spend-leftover-pragmatic-slot-recommendations-budget 무료 프라그마틱] 슬롯 사이트 - [https://images.google.bg/url?q=https://mcallister-tonnesen-2.technetbloggers.de/5-laws-to-help-the-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-industry recommended site], while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. The main areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics such as syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or  [http://forum.ressourcerie.fr/index.php?qa=user&qa_1=doctorarea27 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways that the expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and  [https://nicpilot8.werite.net/10-meetups-on-pragmatic-site-you-should-attend 프라그마틱] beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.

Latest revision as of 08:57, 25 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as what do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 무료슬롯 (bitsdujour.Com) but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth, reference, or grammar. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.

There are a few key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also divergent views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, 무료 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 - recommended site, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. The main areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics such as syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the same thing.

It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways that the expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often called "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.