Difference between revisions of "Why Nobody Cares About Free Pragmatic"

From
Jump to: navigation, search
m
m
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on sensible and practical actions. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must always abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each one another. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it differs from semantics because pragmatics is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field but it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its development and growth. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics that focuses on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a wide range of subjects that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, production of requests by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and [https://images.google.com.my/url?q=https://zenwriting.net/outputbaby3/what-do-you-know-about-pragmatic-recommendations 프라그마틱 게임] [http://ezproxy.cityu.edu.hk/login?url=https://telegra.ph/It-Is-The-History-Of-Pragmatic-Slots-Return-Rate-In-10-Milestones-09-18 슬롯]체험 - [https://bookmarkfeeds.stream/story.php?title=10-mistaken-answers-to-common-pragmatic-korea-questions-do-you-know-the-right-ones recent bookmarkfeeds.stream blog post], cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics based on their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and  [https://bookmarkfeeds.stream/story.php?title=10-misconceptions-that-your-boss-may-have-about-pragmatic-slots-free-trial 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] the users of language rather than with truth grammar, reference, or. It studies the ways that an expression can be understood to mean different things from different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that hearers use to determine if phrases are intended to be communicated. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one There is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics is an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language because it deals with the ways that our concepts of the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have suggested for instance that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it studies how people perceive and use the language without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this field should be considered as an independent discipline because it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He claims semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single word can have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, and expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact but it is considered rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with how meaning is communicated through language in context. It examines how the speaker's intentions and [https://anotepad.com/notes/2hgwp7rj 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] beliefs affect the interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics, or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical elements and the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they are the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two views and argue that certain phenomena fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars believe that if a statement is interpreted with the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This is commonly referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far-side approaches, attempting to capture the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by modeling how a speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable in comparison to other possible implications.
+
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as what do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, [https://www.metooo.com/u/66e4271bf2059b59ef31a91d 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] 무료슬롯 ([https://www.bitsdujour.com/profiles/y9Ctmy bitsdujour.Com]) but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth, reference, or grammar. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, [https://tagoverflow.stream/story.php?title=14-creative-ways-to-spend-leftover-pragmatic-slot-recommendations-budget 무료 프라그마틱] 슬롯 사이트 - [https://images.google.bg/url?q=https://mcallister-tonnesen-2.technetbloggers.de/5-laws-to-help-the-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-industry recommended site], while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. The main areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics such as syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or  [http://forum.ressourcerie.fr/index.php?qa=user&qa_1=doctorarea27 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways that the expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and [https://nicpilot8.werite.net/10-meetups-on-pragmatic-site-you-should-attend 프라그마틱] beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.

Latest revision as of 08:57, 25 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as what do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a part of the language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics studies what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics, 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 무료슬롯 (bitsdujour.Com) but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics such as L2 pragmatic understanding, request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their publications only. It is possible to identify influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth, reference, or grammar. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.

There are a few key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also divergent views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He asserts semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, 무료 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 - recommended site, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. The main areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics such as syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the same thing.

It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways that the expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often called "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.