Difference between revisions of "Why No One Cares About Free Pragmatic"

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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the belief that you should always stick by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each other. It is often thought of as a component of language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics focuses on what the user is trying to convey and not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics based on their number of publications alone. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the contexts and users of language use rather than focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine if utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature, which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas others argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its own right and should be treated as an independent part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language affect our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are a few major issues in the study of pragmatics that have fueled the debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring back to facts about what was actually said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, [https://singnalsocial.com/story3387167/the-most-pervasive-problems-in-free-pragmatic 라이브 카지노] however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and [https://pragmatickr42075.blog2learn.com/77869254/10-pragmatic-demo-strategies-all-the-experts-recommend 프라그마틱 홈페이지] 무료체험 메타 ([https://kingslists.com/story19226784/20-trailblazers-leading-the-way-in-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff Kingslists.com]) use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also differing opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and  [https://pragmatic22086.blazingblog.com/29915266/10-mistaken-answers-to-common-live-casino-questions-do-you-know-the-right-answers 라이브 카지노] semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He claims that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that semantics already determines certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single word can have different meanings based on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, as well as listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are many different areas of study, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the language used in its context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, [https://pragmatic-kr91101.isblog.net/10-pragmatic-related-projects-to-extend-your-creativity-47043611 프라그마틱 정품 사이트] with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in various directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate between these two views and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. For example some scholars believe that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics. On the other hand, others believe that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side, attempting to capture the full scope of the interpretive possibilities for an utterance by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.
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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses issues like What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown quickly in the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic discipline within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its development and growth. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed diverse methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However, their ranking differs based on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on the number of publications they have. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For  [https://www.google.ki/url?q=https://click4r.com/posts/g/17911710/10-tips-for-pragmatic-slot-manipulation-that-are-unexpected 프라그마틱 슬롯체험] 체험 ([https://www.google.com.ag/url?q=https://www.demilked.com/author/courtred62/ simply click the following internet site]) example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine which words are meant to be a communication. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it focuses on the way in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not a discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without necessarily being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right because it examines the manner in which the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It examines how language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of words to objects which they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that semantics determines the logical implications of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, and expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, [http://tongcheng.jingjincloud.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=215990 무료 프라그마틱] 슬롯 환수율 - [https://maps.google.com.pr/url?q=https://bbs.pku.edu.cn/v2/jump-to.php?url=https://writeablog.net/bonecousin28/5-pragmatic-projects-for-any-budget maps.google.Com.Pr] - it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of study are: formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics such as syntax, semantics, and  [https://articlescad.com/the-reasons-why-adding-a-pragmatic-to-your-life-will-make-all-the-different-140018.html 라이브 카지노] the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, [https://forum.beloader.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=608914 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬] and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement is interpreted with the literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This method is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 08:33, 26 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses issues like What do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has grown quickly in the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic discipline within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its development and growth. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed diverse methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on the database used. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However, their ranking differs based on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on the number of publications they have. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For 프라그마틱 슬롯체험 체험 (simply click the following internet site) example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine which words are meant to be a communication. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it focuses on the way in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories of how languages function.

There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not a discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without necessarily being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right because it examines the manner in which the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It examines how language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.

Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as philosophy or cognitive science.

There are different opinions regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of words to objects which they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that semantics determines the logical implications of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.

The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, and expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, 무료 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 - maps.google.Com.Pr - it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of study are: formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the speech and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics such as syntax, semantics, and 라이브 카지노 the philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬 and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language, and meaning.

One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the identical.

It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars believe that if a statement is interpreted with the literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This method is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.