Difference between revisions of "The Three Greatest Moments In Free Pragmatic History"

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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable action. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it is different from semantics because pragmatics is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and  [https://www.google.at/url?q=https://menwiki.men/wiki/Undeniable_Proof_That_You_Need_Pragmatic_Free_Slots 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed various methods that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on which database is utilized. The US and UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank differs based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of publications they have published. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature, [https://k12.instructure.com/eportfolios/799283/Home/Are_You_Responsible_For_An_Pragmatic_Korea_Budget_Twelve_Top_Ways_To_Spend_Your_Money 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬] 슬롯, [https://www.google.ps/url?q=https://www.bitsdujour.com/profiles/kAvn0i www.google.ps], and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language rather than with truth grammar,  [https://hikvisiondb.webcam/wiki/Langstonwalker7802 무료 프라그마틱] reference, or. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are a few major issues in the study of pragmatics that have fueled many of the debates. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it studies how people perceive and use the language without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a field in its own right, since it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the overall meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics is focused on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that semantics is already determining some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and  [https://hangoutshelp.net/user/mittenfrance1 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] syntax or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research that is conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics such as the significance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to give a rigorous and systematic explanation of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate between these two views and argue that certain events are either pragmatics or semantics. For example certain scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics. On the other hand, others argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by demonstrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and this is why the exclusiveness implicature is so reliable compared to other plausible implications.
+
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users get meaning from and with each one another. It is often viewed as a part of a language, however it differs from semantics since it concentrates on what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and [https://sixn.net/home.php?mod=space&uid=3861259 프라그마틱 무료]슬롯 [https://appc.cctvdgrw.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1379511 프라그마틱 플레이] ([https://www.demilked.com/author/throatnail39/ www.demilked.com]) research in the area has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field but it has also affected research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and [http://tongcheng.jingjincloud.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=172262 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] 데모, [http://nutris.net/members/meterlocket71/activity/1825223/ Http://Nutris.Net/Members/Meterlocket71/Activity/1825223/], interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on which database is used. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which one expression can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine if utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics, etc. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways that our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories about how languages function.<br><br>There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fueled much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and  [https://heavenarticle.com/author/russiascrew6-833407/ 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that help shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He claims that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They claim that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. It is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in various directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a broad range of research in these areas, with a focus on topics like the importance of lexical features, the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic explanation of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different stance in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways in which the utterance may be interpreted and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far-side approaches trying to understand the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable in comparison to other possible implications.

Latest revision as of 17:32, 23 December 2024

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like What do people really mean when they speak in terms?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users get meaning from and with each one another. It is often viewed as a part of a language, however it differs from semantics since it concentrates on what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and 프라그마틱 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 플레이 (www.demilked.com) research in the area has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field but it has also affected research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology.

There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 데모, Http://Nutris.Net/Members/Meterlocket71/Activity/1825223/, interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on which database is used. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.

It is therefore hard to classify the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on the ways in which one expression can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine if utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one, there is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics, etc. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways that our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories about how languages function.

There are several key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fueled much of this debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it examines how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are crucial processes that help shape the meaning of an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.

Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also a variety of views regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He claims that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They claim that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. It is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in various directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a broad range of research in these areas, with a focus on topics like the importance of lexical features, the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic explanation of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different stance in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways in which the utterance may be interpreted and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Some recent work in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far-side approaches trying to understand the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable in comparison to other possible implications.