Difference between revisions of "The Three Greatest Moments In Free Pragmatic History"

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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is often seen as a part of a language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the past few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database used. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and  [https://qooh.me/lotionvinyl46 프라그마틱 카지노] interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the best pragmatics authors solely according to the number of their publications. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts such as conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear how they should be drawn. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent field and should be considered a part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. syntax, semantics,  [https://tagoverflow.stream/story.php?title=15-inspiring-facts-about-pragmatic-that-you-never-knew 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작] etc. Others have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued for instance, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people perceive and use the language, without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right because it examines the way the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the meaning of utterances.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communication intent of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, [http://bbs.theviko.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1792492 프라그마틱 정품] 무료[http://zaday-vopros.ru/user/strawdragon5 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천], [https://marvelvsdc.faith/wiki/Responsible_For_A_Pragmatic_Official_Website_Budget_12_Top_Ways_To_Spend_Your_Money Marvelvsdc.Faith], such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics already determines the logical implications of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. Some of the main areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research that addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that they are the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events fall under either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate the concepts of semantics and far-side, attempting to capture the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust in comparison to other possible implications.
+
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must abide by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with one other. It is often thought of as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics because pragmatics concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand  [https://justbookmark.win/story.php?title=20-fun-details-about-pragmatic-slots 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] 체험, [https://www.google.ki/url?q=https://squareblogs.net/ticketroll2/pragmatic-site-a-simple-definition my response], production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts like conversational implicature and  [https://mensvault.men/story.php?title=its-time-to-extend-your-pragmatic-slot-manipulation-options 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁] politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an phrase can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are central to the study of pragmatics. For example, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This kind of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this field should be considered a discipline of its own since it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of language. It examines the way the human language is utilized in social interactions and [https://gm6699.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=3505950 프라그마틱 사이트] the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He claims semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of a statement. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, based on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in the field. There are a variety of areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of an utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics such as the role of lexical features and the interaction between language and discourse, [https://coolpot.stream/story.php?title=the-little-known-benefits-of-pragmatic-experience 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics one of the most important issues is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and  [https://jisuzm.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=5404540 슬롯] systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that they're the same thing.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often a tussle scholars argue that certain events fall under the umbrella of either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that an expression can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 21:00, 9 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between language and context. It addresses questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must abide by your principles.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with one other. It is often thought of as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics because pragmatics concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new and its research has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 체험, my response, production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts like conversational implicature and 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁 politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an phrase can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.

Another debate is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language since it deals with the ways in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages function.

This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are central to the study of pragmatics. For example, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This kind of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this field should be considered a discipline of its own since it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of language. It examines the way the human language is utilized in social interactions and 프라그마틱 사이트 the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.

A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He claims semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of a statement. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, based on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in the field. There are a variety of areas of research, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of an utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics, like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in several different directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, with a focus on topics such as the role of lexical features and the interaction between language and discourse, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatics one of the most important issues is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and 슬롯 systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that they're the same thing.

The debate over these positions is often a tussle scholars argue that certain events fall under the umbrella of either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that an expression can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.