Difference between revisions of "10 Does ADHD Medication Work That Are Unexpected"

From
Jump to: navigation, search
m
m
 
Line 1: Line 1:
How Does ADHD Medication Work?<br><br>When one neuron transmits signals to another, it uses neurotransmitters or chemicals. These chemicals must travel through the gap, [http://www.1v34.com/space-uid-927804.html which adhd medication is best for me quiz] is known as a synapse.<br><br>Some ADHD medications can increase the efficiency of these messages. They either help neurons release more neurotransmitters or slow down the reuptake process (called Reuptake inhibitors).<br><br>Doctors begin [https://git.fuwafuwa.moe/sleetsanta8 adhd medication names] patients on a low dosage and monitor their reaction. They gradually increase the dosage to find the "sweet spot," the lowest dose that results in a significant improvement in symptoms and has few adverse effects.<br><br>Methylphenidate<br><br>Methylphenidate is the first drug that doctors attempt to use to help ADHD kids, is often Methylphenidate. It helps by increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in children's brains, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is important to keep in mind that methylphenidate is a controlled drug and should only be taken under a doctor's supervision.<br><br>Ritalin is the most common methylphenidate drug. It is available in tablets that release immediately, chewable tablets, and capsules. Some versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which is hazardous for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an genetic condition that can cause severe intellectual disabilities). Make sure you inform your provider about any food allergies that you or your child suffers from.<br><br>Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate can reduce abnormal activity in various parts of the brain, including the nucleus of accumbens, as well as a brain network comprised of three networks that play a role in adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate is among the most effective drugs for treating ADHD.<br><br>Stimulants [http://gdeotveti.ru/user/landbrow54 can you get adhd medication without a diagnosis] cause side effects that include an increase in appetite as well as stomach upset, sleepiness, headache, anxiety or agitation, and tics. These are not common, but they can be serious. If they occur you should contact your doctor right away. Inform your doctor about any allergies, heart disease, depression, bipolar disorder and other mental health issues, glaucoma or seizures. Also, inform them that you or your child have a history. It's important to take methylphenidate as prescribed by your physician.<br><br>Amphetamines<br><br>Amphetamines speed up messages between brain cells. They can aid in focusing your mind and stay clear of distractions. They are the most common drugs used to treat ADHD in adults and children. They increase the levels neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines come in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting versions. They can be taken orally as well as via injection.<br><br>Some people are afflicted by the side effects of stimulant medications, like restlessness, trouble sleeping, or increased heart rate and high blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the most appropriate one for you. Some patients may need to take a mix of medications to get the desired effects.<br><br>The effects of stimulants are primarily on two neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain that regulates emotions and controls your behavior. These medications are prescribed to treat a variety of mental health issues such as depression, ADD/ADHD anxiety, [http://idea.informer.com/users/helenisrael36/?what=personal bipolar and adhd medication] disorder and depression.<br><br>Amphetamines and methylphenidates are among the most common stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms ranging from short-acting stimulants to long-acting stimulants - and can be taken orally, or injected. Truck drivers, students and teenagers who need more energy to do endurance sports can take amphetamines. They can also trigger physical and psychological problems if misused, particularly in higher doses.<br><br>Non-stimulant medicines are also effective in treating [https://www.demilked.com/author/quailquit7/ cheapest adhd medication]. They include atomoxetine and clonidine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals that stimulants are, but they are less likely to trigger the tics of people suffering from Tourette syndrome.<br><br>Short-acting stimulants<br><br>These medications are used to treat teens and children with ADHD. They [https://king-wifi.win/wiki/10_Apps_To_Aid_You_Control_Your_Concerta_ADHD_Medication can adhd medication help with memory] be taken by mouth or applied to the skin. They are available in liquids and patches as well as pills that can be swallowed or chewed. These medications are typically only available on prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants perform quickly and last for 3 to 6 hours.<br><br>These medications alleviate symptoms for 70-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They decrease the amount of fidgeting and interruptions, and make it easier to complete tasks. They also help improve academic performance and interpersonal relationships. They can't address the root issues that are the cause of ADHD. So it's important to use them in conjunction with behavioral therapy.<br><br>It's important to understand that ADHD medications can have negative side effects. You might feel sleepy or cranky. You may also feel sleepy. These effects are usually mild, and they disappear when the medicine leaves your system. Your doctor may ask you to start with a smaller dosage and gradually increase it. They'll observe how the medication affects your child or you and check for any issues.<br><br>It may take time to find the appropriate medication and dose for you or your child. It's best to be open with your health care team and communicate clearly. They may suggest changes in how often you or your child is taking the medication, or even whether it's necessary at all. They'll also want to know if you or your child have any other mental or medical conditions.<br><br>Intermediate stimulants<br><br>Stimulants are used to treat ADHD symptoms by altering the activities of key neurotransmitters in the brain. This helps increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. These two chemicals are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex of the brain (think of it as your "secretary" in the executive functioning part of your brain). Stimulant medications are effective for the majority of ADHD children. Your doctor will assist you in figuring out which kind of medication and dosage is best for you. You may have to try different kinds of medications before finding the one that works best for you or your child.<br><br>You can take immediate-release stimulants in liquid form and chewable tablets. These medications begin working quickly and last for three or four hours. Some people have a problem when the medication wears off, a phenomenon known as the "crash effect." It usually results in an immediate drop in energy, and may result in intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine) are also available. These are more complex and require prescriptions. They are injected into bloodstreams and change from inactive to active in red blood cells.<br><br>It can take time to find the right dosage, medication and schedule for your child or yourself. Your doctor will monitor your reaction to the medication, and will look for any signs of trouble such as sleep issues. If you or your child are not responding well to stimulants, your doctor will also discuss non-stimulant medication.<br><br>Never stop or alter your ADHD medications without first consulting your doctor. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any prescription medications and supplements you are taking, because certain medications can interact with some ADHD medications.<br><br>Long-acting stimulants<br><br>For 70-80% adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications work in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They can also help people focus, finish tasks, and maintain relationships. They might not help reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. And they may cause side effects like sleepiness, loss of appetite nausea, jitteriness changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure.<br><br>These medicines work in phases, helping to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority of them begin to show effects within 30 to 45 minutes and disappear in 3 to 6 hours. They can be used in combination with other types of ADHD treatment, such as behavioral therapy.<br><br>Some of these stimulants with long-acting effects like Atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) will last throughout the night and into the morning. Some doctors suggest using them to fill up an afternoon trough so that patients don't need an additional dose at school or after school.<br><br>Long-acting stimulants don't increase dopamine levels as rapidly as short- or intermediate-acting drugs, but they do boost the levels of dopamine significantly. They don't have the same rebound effects as shorter-acting stimulants.<br><br>Due to the possibility of side effects Because of the potential for side effects, long-acting stimulants are generally prescribed as a second-line treatment for adults and older teens with ADHD. They can also be used to treat certain people suffering from ADHD in cases where other medications haven't worked.<br><br>While medication can help improve self-control and concentration however, it's not the only solution for people suffering from ADHD. With the help of a good night's sleep habits, healthy diets, and other self-help techniques it's often possible to reduce, or even eliminate, the necessity for ADHD medication.
+
How Does ADHD Medication Work?<br><br>When a neuron sends a message to another neuron, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. These chemicals must pass through a tiny gap known as a synapse.<br><br>Some ADHD medications can increase the efficiency of these messages. They either assist neurons in the release of more neurotransmitters or slow down the process of reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors).<br><br>Doctors start ADHD patients with a lower dose and monitor their response. They adjust the dosage gradually to discover the "sweet spot," the lowest dose that results in a significant improvement in symptoms and produces fewer adverse side effects.<br><br>Methylphenidate<br><br>Methylphenidate is the most common type of medication doctors frequently attempt to assist children with [https://lovewiki.faith/wiki/10_Facts_About_ADHD_Uk_Medication_That_Can_Instantly_Put_You_In_A_Good_Mood adhd medication names uk]. It increases the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in kids' brains which help them pay attention and focus. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. Remember that methylphenidate should only be taken under the supervision of a physician since it is a controlled substance.<br><br>The most commonly used methylphenidate medicine is Ritalin. It's available as tablets with immediate release (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which can be harmful for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an inheritable condition that causes severe intellectual disability). Tell your provider if you or your child suffer from food allergies.<br><br>Researchers have found that methylphenidate decreases abnormal activity in certain areas of the brain, including the nucleus accumbens as well as a brain network comprised of three networks that play a part in adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate has been proven to be among the most effective medications in treating ADHD.<br><br>The adverse effects of stimulants can include headaches, nausea, insomnia, anxiety, agitation or agitation and tics. These aren't common but they could be serious. You should consult your physician immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child suffers from allergies or an underlying heart condition or bipolar disorder, depression or other mental health problems such as glaucoma, a history of seizures or stroke or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) and the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is important to take your methylphenidate according to the doctor's prescription.<br><br>Amphetamines<br><br>Amphetamines can speed up the transmission of messages between brain cells and help you focus your thoughts and avoid distractions. They are the most commonly used medications used to treat ADHD in children and adults. They increase the levels of neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine, in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting forms. They can be taken orally and also via injection.<br><br>Some people have a hard dealing with the adverse effects of stimulant medications like restlessness, difficulty sleeping or increased heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the most appropriate one for you. Some patients may need to take a combination of medications to get the desired effect.<br><br>Stimulant drugs affect two neurotransmitters that are essential to the pre-frontal cortex, which is the brain region which regulates your emotions and regulate your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health problems such as depression, ADD/ADHD anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression.<br><br>Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most popular stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms ranging from short-acting stimulants to longer-acting stimulants - and can be consumed orally or injectable. Students, truck drivers and teens who require more energy to do endurance sports may abuse amphetamines. Amphetamines can trigger mental and physical issues when they are misused, especially at higher doses.<br><br>ADHD can be treated with non-stimulant medications. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They work with the same chemicals as stimulants but are less likely to cause the tics worse, which is a problem for those with Tourette's Syndrome.<br><br>Short-acting stimulants<br><br>These medications are used for treating adolescents and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They come in pills that can be chewed or swallowed, capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food, and liquid and patches. They are typically only available with a doctor's prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana) and amphetamines (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last for about 3 to 6 hours.<br><br>These medications alleviate symptoms in 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting and interruptions, and make it easier to complete your tasks. They can also improve academic performance and interpersonal relationships. However, they can't address the underlying problems that cause ADHD. It is crucial to integrate them with behavioral therapy.<br><br>It is important to be aware that ADHD medications can have negative side effects. You might feel tired, cranky, or sleepless. These effects are usually minimal and disappear once the medication is gone from your system. Your doctor may recommend taking an initial dose of a small amount and then gradually increase the dosage. They will watch you or your child closely to determine whether there are any issues with the medication.<br><br>It may take time to find the right dosage and medication for you or your child. It is best to be honest with your health care providers and communicate clearly. They might suggest a change in the amount of medication that you or your child takes or if any medication is needed at all. They'll also want to know if you or your child suffer from any other medical or mental ailments.<br><br>Intermediate stimulants<br><br>Stimulants help to manage ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. This can increase the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical substances that are crucial for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as "your secretary" in the executive function part of your mind). The use of stimulants is effective for most ADHD children. Your doctor will assist you in figuring out which type of medication and dose is right for you. You may have to try several different types of medication before you discover the one that is suitable for you or your children.<br><br>You can take these stimulants in tablet or liquid form. These drugs work quickly and last up to four hours. The "crash effect" occurs when the medicine wears out. It is characterized by an abrupt decrease in energy levels and extreme hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into bloodstreams and then change from inactive to active in red blood cells.<br><br>Finding the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or for yourself can take time. Your doctor will monitor how you respond to medication and look for signs like sleep issues. If you or your child isn't responding well to stimulants, they'll also discuss non-stimulant medications.<br><br>Never stop or alter your ADHD medication without first consulting your physician. Inform your doctor if you take any over-the counter medications or supplements, as some can interact with [http://jonpin.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=855731 adhd medication uk for adults] medications.<br><br>Long-acting stimulants<br><br>For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medication is effective in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They also aid people to concentrate, complete tasks, and maintain relationships. They can't help with moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They can also cause negative side effects, such as sleepiness, loss of appetite and jitteriness. They can also cause stomachaches, changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure.<br><br>These medications work in phases, helping to treat [https://www.dermandar.com/user/kevinpull24/ adhd medication Titration] symptoms throughout the day. Most of these medications begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes, and fade after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used in combination with other types of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy.<br><br>Some of these long-acting stimulants, including atomoxetine (Intuniv) and guanfacine (Strattera), can be used all night long and last until the next morning. Some doctors suggest using them to fill up an afternoon trough so that patients do not require a second dose of medication at school or afterschool.<br><br>Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels as much as intermediate- and short-acting drugs, yet they increase the levels of dopamine significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants.<br><br>Long-acting stimulants, because of the possibility of adverse effects, are usually prescribed as a second treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and teens who are older. However, they can be utilized as a first-line treatment option for some people with ADHD who haven't been able to respond to other medications.<br><br>While [https://writeablog.net/gympanty5/a-handbook-for-dealing-with-adhd-without-medication-from-beginning-to-end medication for odd and adhd] can help improve concentration and self-control however, it's not the only solution for those with ADHD. When combined with a healthy sleep routine, healthy eating, and other self-help strategies it's usually possible to decrease or eliminate the necessity for ADHD medication.

Latest revision as of 10:45, 26 December 2024

How Does ADHD Medication Work?

When a neuron sends a message to another neuron, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. These chemicals must pass through a tiny gap known as a synapse.

Some ADHD medications can increase the efficiency of these messages. They either assist neurons in the release of more neurotransmitters or slow down the process of reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors).

Doctors start ADHD patients with a lower dose and monitor their response. They adjust the dosage gradually to discover the "sweet spot," the lowest dose that results in a significant improvement in symptoms and produces fewer adverse side effects.

Methylphenidate

Methylphenidate is the most common type of medication doctors frequently attempt to assist children with adhd medication names uk. It increases the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in kids' brains which help them pay attention and focus. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. Remember that methylphenidate should only be taken under the supervision of a physician since it is a controlled substance.

The most commonly used methylphenidate medicine is Ritalin. It's available as tablets with immediate release (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which can be harmful for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an inheritable condition that causes severe intellectual disability). Tell your provider if you or your child suffer from food allergies.

Researchers have found that methylphenidate decreases abnormal activity in certain areas of the brain, including the nucleus accumbens as well as a brain network comprised of three networks that play a part in adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate has been proven to be among the most effective medications in treating ADHD.

The adverse effects of stimulants can include headaches, nausea, insomnia, anxiety, agitation or agitation and tics. These aren't common but they could be serious. You should consult your physician immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child suffers from allergies or an underlying heart condition or bipolar disorder, depression or other mental health problems such as glaucoma, a history of seizures or stroke or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) and the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is important to take your methylphenidate according to the doctor's prescription.

Amphetamines

Amphetamines can speed up the transmission of messages between brain cells and help you focus your thoughts and avoid distractions. They are the most commonly used medications used to treat ADHD in children and adults. They increase the levels of neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine, in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting forms. They can be taken orally and also via injection.

Some people have a hard dealing with the adverse effects of stimulant medications like restlessness, difficulty sleeping or increased heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the most appropriate one for you. Some patients may need to take a combination of medications to get the desired effect.

Stimulant drugs affect two neurotransmitters that are essential to the pre-frontal cortex, which is the brain region which regulates your emotions and regulate your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health problems such as depression, ADD/ADHD anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression.

Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most popular stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms ranging from short-acting stimulants to longer-acting stimulants - and can be consumed orally or injectable. Students, truck drivers and teens who require more energy to do endurance sports may abuse amphetamines. Amphetamines can trigger mental and physical issues when they are misused, especially at higher doses.

ADHD can be treated with non-stimulant medications. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They work with the same chemicals as stimulants but are less likely to cause the tics worse, which is a problem for those with Tourette's Syndrome.

Short-acting stimulants

These medications are used for treating adolescents and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They come in pills that can be chewed or swallowed, capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food, and liquid and patches. They are typically only available with a doctor's prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana) and amphetamines (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last for about 3 to 6 hours.

These medications alleviate symptoms in 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting and interruptions, and make it easier to complete your tasks. They can also improve academic performance and interpersonal relationships. However, they can't address the underlying problems that cause ADHD. It is crucial to integrate them with behavioral therapy.

It is important to be aware that ADHD medications can have negative side effects. You might feel tired, cranky, or sleepless. These effects are usually minimal and disappear once the medication is gone from your system. Your doctor may recommend taking an initial dose of a small amount and then gradually increase the dosage. They will watch you or your child closely to determine whether there are any issues with the medication.

It may take time to find the right dosage and medication for you or your child. It is best to be honest with your health care providers and communicate clearly. They might suggest a change in the amount of medication that you or your child takes or if any medication is needed at all. They'll also want to know if you or your child suffer from any other medical or mental ailments.

Intermediate stimulants

Stimulants help to manage ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. This can increase the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical substances that are crucial for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as "your secretary" in the executive function part of your mind). The use of stimulants is effective for most ADHD children. Your doctor will assist you in figuring out which type of medication and dose is right for you. You may have to try several different types of medication before you discover the one that is suitable for you or your children.

You can take these stimulants in tablet or liquid form. These drugs work quickly and last up to four hours. The "crash effect" occurs when the medicine wears out. It is characterized by an abrupt decrease in energy levels and extreme hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into bloodstreams and then change from inactive to active in red blood cells.

Finding the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or for yourself can take time. Your doctor will monitor how you respond to medication and look for signs like sleep issues. If you or your child isn't responding well to stimulants, they'll also discuss non-stimulant medications.

Never stop or alter your ADHD medication without first consulting your physician. Inform your doctor if you take any over-the counter medications or supplements, as some can interact with adhd medication uk for adults medications.

Long-acting stimulants

For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medication is effective in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They also aid people to concentrate, complete tasks, and maintain relationships. They can't help with moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They can also cause negative side effects, such as sleepiness, loss of appetite and jitteriness. They can also cause stomachaches, changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure.

These medications work in phases, helping to treat adhd medication Titration symptoms throughout the day. Most of these medications begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes, and fade after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used in combination with other types of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy.

Some of these long-acting stimulants, including atomoxetine (Intuniv) and guanfacine (Strattera), can be used all night long and last until the next morning. Some doctors suggest using them to fill up an afternoon trough so that patients do not require a second dose of medication at school or afterschool.

Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels as much as intermediate- and short-acting drugs, yet they increase the levels of dopamine significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants.

Long-acting stimulants, because of the possibility of adverse effects, are usually prescribed as a second treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and teens who are older. However, they can be utilized as a first-line treatment option for some people with ADHD who haven't been able to respond to other medications.

While medication for odd and adhd can help improve concentration and self-control however, it's not the only solution for those with ADHD. When combined with a healthy sleep routine, healthy eating, and other self-help strategies it's usually possible to decrease or eliminate the necessity for ADHD medication.