Michael Bloomberg: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 07:53, 22 December 2025

Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, philanthropist, and author who is the co-founder, majority owner, and former CEO of Bloomberg LP, a global financial services, software, and media company. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 108th Mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013, and was a candidate for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination. With a net worth of approximately $106 billion as of 2024, Bloomberg is one of the richest people in the world and the richest person in New York.

Bloomberg's fortune stems primarily from his 88% ownership stake in Bloomberg L.P., the company he co-founded in 1981 using his $10 million severance from Salomon Brothers. The Bloomberg Terminal, a proprietary computer software system providing real-time financial data and trading capabilities, revolutionized the financial services industry and remains the company's primary revenue source. Bloomberg LP generates over $12 billion in annual revenue with more than 300,000 terminals installed worldwide.

As mayor, Bloomberg implemented consequential and often controversial policies including the city's aggressive stop-and-frisk program, banning smoking in public places, eliminating trans fats in restaurants, and overseeing the city's post-9/11 recovery. His philanthropic giving has exceeded $17.6 billion lifetime, making him one of the largest individual donors in American history, with particular focus on public health, climate change, gun control, and education.

Early life and education

Michael Rubens Bloomberg was born on February 14, 1942, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Charlotte (née Rubens) and William Henry Bloomberg. His father was a bookkeeper at a local dairy who never earned more than $6,000 a year, and his mother worked as a secretary. Bloomberg is of Russian Jewish descent and was raised in a middle-class home in Medford, Massachusetts.

Growing up in modest circumstances, young Michael developed a strong work ethic and understanding of financial responsibility early on. He took on part-time jobs while still in high school, working at a small electronics company in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bloomberg became an Eagle Scout at age twelve and graduated from Medford High School in 1960.

Bloomberg enrolled at Johns Hopkins University, where he studied electrical engineering and joined the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. During his time at Johns Hopkins, he participated in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), which helped shape his leadership skills and discipline. His father, William Bloomberg, died in 1963, just before Michael completed his studies - a profound loss that emphasized the importance of family and responsibility for the young student. Despite the emotional and financial challenges, Bloomberg graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering.

After Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg attended Harvard Business School, earning his Master of Business Administration in 1966. That same year, he was drafted for military service but was rejected due to having flat feet. He would later become Johns Hopkins University's most generous individual donor, giving more than $4.55 billion to his alma mater by 2024, including a historic $1.8 billion gift in 2018 that made Johns Hopkins admissions permanently need-blind.

Career

Wall Street career (1966-1981)

Upon graduating from Harvard Business School in 1966, Bloomberg joined Salomon Brothers as an entry-level clerk in the firm's securities cage - the department responsible for settling trades and managing physical stock certificates. Working twelve to fourteen hour days, he gradually rose through the ranks, earning recognition for his analytical abilities and work ethic.

Bloomberg worked his way up to become a general partner at Salomon Brothers, heading the firm's equity trading department before taking charge of systems development and communications. His technical background in electrical engineering proved invaluable as he oversaw the implementation of early computer systems on the trading floor. At Salomon, Bloomberg developed an intimate understanding of what traders needed: real-time data, analytical tools, and faster execution capabilities.

In 1981, Salomon Brothers merged with the commodities trading firm Phibro Corporation. As part of the corporate restructuring, Bloomberg was let go from the firm after fifteen years. However, his forced departure came with a $10 million severance package - the seed capital that would fund his next venture and make him one of the world's wealthiest individuals.

Founding Bloomberg LP (1981)

Bloomberg used his $10 million severance to co-found Innovative Market Systems with Charles Zegar, Thomas Secunda, and Duncan MacMillan in 1981. Drawing on his experience at Salomon Brothers, the then-39-year-old Bloomberg identified an unmet need in the financial industry: the lack of easily accessible, real-time market data delivered in a user-friendly format.

The company developed the "Market Master" terminal, which debuted in 1982 as a proprietary computer system with a specialized keyboard designed specifically for financial professionals. The terminal allowed users to access live market data, perform complex analytics, and execute trades electronically - capabilities that were revolutionary for the time. Merrill Lynch became an early customer and investor, purchasing 20 of the first terminals and investing $30 million in the company.

By 1986, Innovative Market Systems was renamed Bloomberg L.P. In recognition of its founder. Within ten years of launching, the company had installed tens of thousands of terminals at financial institutions around the world. Bloomberg expanded the company's offerings to include a news service, radio and television networks (Bloomberg Radio and Bloomberg Television), and various other media and data products.

Bloomberg served as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. From 1981 to 2001, when he stepped down to run for mayor of New York City. He returned as CEO in 2014 after leaving the mayor's office and served until 2023. As of 2024, more than 300,000 Bloomberg Terminals are installed worldwide, with each terminal costing more than $20,000 per year without bulk discounts. The company generates over $12 billion in annual revenue and employs approximately 20,000 people globally.

Political career

2001 mayoral campaign

Bloomberg had been a lifelong Democrat but switched his party registration to Republican in 2001 to run for mayor of New York City, calculating that a Republican primary would offer better odds than a Democratic one in the heavily Democratic city. He largely self-financed his campaign, ultimately spending over $70 million of his own money.

The primary election was originally scheduled for September 11, 2001, but voting was suspended and the election postponed following the terrorist attacks that morning. When elections resumed, Bloomberg narrowly won the Republican primary and went on to defeat Democrat Mark Green in the general election by just 2.5 percentage points. He was sworn in as the 108th mayor of New York City on January 1, 2002.

Tenure as mayor (2002-2013)

Bloomberg took office less than four months after the September 11 attacks, inheriting a city that had lost more than 100,000 jobs and $2 billion in tax revenues. His twelve years as mayor were marked by business-friendly economic policies, public health initiatives, and controversial law enforcement practices.

Public health initiatives: Bloomberg implemented several groundbreaking public health policies. In 2003, he banned smoking in restaurants and bars across New York City, a policy that became a model for cities worldwide. In 2006, his administration banned trans fats in restaurant food. He also championed calorie labeling on menus and attempted to ban large sugary drinks (though the latter was struck down by courts).

Economic development: Bloomberg's administration oversaw the redevelopment of the city's waterfront, including the construction of the High Line elevated park and Hudson Yards. He expanded the city's tech sector through initiatives like Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island.

Education: Bloomberg gained control of the city's school system and implemented reforms including school choice programs and accountability measures for teachers and administrators.

Post-9/11 recovery: His administration managed the rebuilding of Lower Manhattan, including the development of the 9/11 Memorial and One World Trade Center.

Bloomberg won reelection in 2005 and again in 2009 (after the term limits law was changed to allow a third term). He was ineligible to run again in 2013 and was succeeded by Bill de Blasio.

2020 presidential campaign

In November 2019, Bloomberg entered the race for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination. His late entry meant he skipped the early primary states of Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina, instead focusing on Super Tuesday states with a massive advertising campaign.

Bloomberg self-financed his campaign, ultimately spending over $1 billion - more than any self-funded candidate in American history. His campaign relied heavily on television advertising, digital media, social media influencers, and hired campaign staff across the country.

His presidential bid faced immediate criticism over his record on stop-and-frisk policing, allegations of sexist comments and NDAs with former female employees, and his wealth advantage over other candidates. During his first debate appearance in Nevada on February 19, 2020, Senator Elizabeth Warren confronted him about his company's use of non-disclosure agreements with women who had filed complaints.

On Super Tuesday (March 3, 2020), Bloomberg won only the territory of American Samoa and failed to reach the 15% threshold for delegates in several states. He dropped out of the race on March 4, 2020, and endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden, ultimately spending millions to support Biden's general election campaign.

Controversies

Stop-and-frisk policing

Under the Bloomberg administration, the New York City Police Department dramatically expanded its stop-and-frisk program. According to data compiled by the New York Civil Liberties Union, documented stops increased 605% from 97,296 in 2002 to 685,724 in 2011. During Bloomberg's twelve years as mayor, police stopped and frisked approximately 5 million people - the vast majority of whom were young Black and Latino men from the city's most impoverished neighborhoods.

In 2013, a federal judge ruled that the NYPD's implementation of the stop-and-frisk policy violated citizens' Fourth Amendment rights and encouraged racial profiling. Bloomberg initially appealed the decision but dropped the appeal after leaving office.

Ahead of his 2020 presidential campaign, Bloomberg apologized for his longstanding support of the policy at a predominantly Black church in Brooklyn. "I was wrong. And I am sorry," he said. Civil liberties groups noted the apology came only after Bloomberg decided to seek the Democratic nomination, requiring support from Black voters.

Surveillance of Muslim communities

After the September 11 attacks, the Bloomberg administration, with assistance from the Central Intelligence Agency, oversaw a controversial surveillance program that monitored Muslim communities based on religion, ethnicity, and language. The Associated Press won a Pulitzer Prize in 2012 for exposing the program, which the NYPD had denied existed.

In 2018, city officials reached a settlement agreeing to adopt measures to expunge information gathered by the police department's intelligence unit and to stop launching investigations based solely on race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin.

Allegations of sexism and NDAs

At least 17 women have taken legal action against Bloomberg's company over the past three decades, with three cases specifically naming Bloomberg personally. Allegations in court filings described Bloomberg LP's office as a "boy's club where career advancement for women depended heavily on their 'sex appeal.'"

In one high-profile case, salesperson Sekiko Sakai Garrison alleged that when Bloomberg learned she was pregnant, he said "kill it" - which she understood to mean terminate the pregnancy. Bloomberg denied the allegation under oath, and the case was settled confidentially.

During his 2020 presidential campaign, Bloomberg faced intense scrutiny over his company's use of non-disclosure agreements with women who had filed complaints. Senator Elizabeth Warren confronted him during a debate, saying: "A billionaire who calls women fat broads and horse-faced lesbians." Bloomberg initially refused to release women from their NDAs, calling past comments "bawdy humor," before reversing course and agreeing to release three women from their agreements.

Personal life

Family

Bloomberg married Susan Elizabeth Barbara Brown, a British national from Yorkshire, in 1975. They met when she was working as a temp at Salomon Brothers. The couple has two daughters: Emma Beth (born circa 1979) and Georgina Leigh (born 1983).

Bloomberg and Brown divorced in 1993, reportedly due to lifestyle differences - Bloomberg frequently worked long hours and spent limited time at home during his years building Bloomberg L.P. Despite the divorce, Bloomberg has stated that his ex-wife remains his "best friend," and he reportedly provided her with a $500,000 bridge loan to purchase a new apartment in 2011.

Emma Bloomberg is a Princeton and Harvard graduate who founded Murmuration, a nonprofit focused on education reform. She sits on the boards of the Bloomberg Family Foundation and the Robin Hood Foundation. Emma has a daughter, Zelda Violet Frissberg, born in 2015. After divorcing her first husband, Chris Frissora, she married Jeremiah Kittredge, the former CEO of Families for Excellent Schools.

Georgina Bloomberg is a professional equestrian who represented the United States at the 2015 Pan American Games, earning a team bronze medal. A New York University graduate, she has authored several young adult novels and is an animal welfare advocate serving as vice president of Animal Aid USA. Georgina is a single mother to son Jasper Michael Brown Quintana (born 2013), whose father is Argentine equestrian Ramiro Quintana. Jasper was Michael Bloomberg's first grandchild.

Both daughters were featured in the 2003 documentary Born Rich about the children of extremely wealthy families.

Partnership with Diana Taylor

Since 2000, Bloomberg has been in a relationship with Diana Taylor, a former New York State Superintendent of Banks (2003-2007). Taylor first met Bloomberg at a luncheon in 2000, after which he asked her out for drinks. The couple lives together but has never married.

Taylor has referred to herself as a "unicorn" rather than Bloomberg's girlfriend, noting that "nobody's come up with the language around what we are." She has previously worked at Smith Barney, Lehman Brothers, and Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.

Residences

Bloomberg maintains residences in New York City, London, Bermuda, Colorado, and other locations. His primary residence is a townhouse on East 79th Street in Manhattan. Bloomberg and his daughters own property in Bermuda, where they spend time together regularly.

Philanthropy

Bloomberg has given away more than $17.6 billion over his lifetime, making him one of the largest philanthropists in American history. In 2023 alone, he donated $3 billion, making him America's top philanthropist that year according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy.

Education

Bloomberg's most significant philanthropic commitment has been to Johns Hopkins University, his alma mater. As of 2024, he has donated more than $4.55 billion to the university - more than any living donor to any American educational institution. His 2018 gift of $1.8 billion enabled Johns Hopkins to become permanently need-blind in admissions. He served as chairman of the university's board of trustees from 1996 to 2001, and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is named in his honor.

Public health

Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, he has spent nearly $1 billion on tobacco control efforts worldwide, helping to reduce smoking rates globally. He has also contributed $259 million to road safety initiatives and $50 million each to combat the opioid epidemic and gun violence.

Climate change

Bloomberg has been one of the largest funders of climate change initiatives. In 2019, he announced Beyond Carbon, a $500 million campaign to move the United States toward 100% clean energy. He previously co-founded Beyond Coal with the Sierra Club, contributing $110 million to a campaign he credits with helping close half of America's coal-fired power plants.

Bloomberg served as president of the board of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and was appointed by UN Secretary-General António Guterres as Special Envoy for Climate Action.

Gun control

Bloomberg is the primary funder of Everytown for Gun Safety, one of the largest gun control advocacy groups in the United States. He has spent over $50 million supporting gun safety measures.

The Giving Pledge

Bloomberg is a signatory to the Giving Pledge, the commitment by the world's wealthiest individuals to give away the majority of their wealth. He has stated his intention to give away virtually all of his fortune during his lifetime or shortly thereafter.

Business philosophy

Bloomberg's management style emphasizes data-driven decision-making, transparency, and meritocracy. At Bloomberg L.P., he famously worked in an open-plan office alongside employees rather than in a private executive suite - a practice he continued as mayor of New York City, where he worked from a desk in a "bullpen" rather than the traditional mayoral office.

Known for his directness and long working hours, Bloomberg has attributed his success to persistence and a willingness to take calculated risks. His approach to innovation focused on understanding customer needs deeply - a principle shaped by his years working with traders at Salomon Brothers before founding his own company.

Awards and recognition

Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) - 2015
U.S. News & World Report named Bloomberg one of America's Best Leaders
Genesis Prize (2014) - donated $1 million prize to programs supporting LGBTQ+ rights
Multiple honorary degrees from universities worldwide

References

External links

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 | alma_mater = [[Johns Hopkins University]]<br>[[Harvard Business School]] (MBA)
 | occupation = Businessman, politician, philanthropist
-| years_active = 1966–present
+| years_active = 1966-present
 | known_for = Founder of [[Bloomberg LP]]<br>108th Mayor of New York City
 | title = Co-founder and majority owner, Bloomberg L.P.
-| boards = Johns Hopkins University (Chairman 1996–2001)
+| boards = Johns Hopkins University (Chairman 1996-2001)
 | spouse = Susan Brown (m. 1975; div. 1993)
-| partner = Diana Taylor (2000–present)
+| partner = Diana Taylor (2000-present)
 | children = 2 (Emma and Georgina)
 | networth = $106 billion (2024)
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 Growing up in modest circumstances, young Michael developed a strong work ethic and understanding of financial responsibility early on. He took on part-time jobs while still in high school, working at a small electronics company in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bloomberg became an Eagle Scout at age twelve and graduated from Medford High School in 1960.
-Bloomberg enrolled at Johns Hopkins University, where he studied electrical engineering and joined the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. During his time at Johns Hopkins, he participated in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), which helped shape his leadership skills and discipline. His father, William Bloomberg, died in 1963, just before Michael completed his studies—a profound loss that emphasized the importance of family and responsibility for the young student. Despite the emotional and financial challenges, Bloomberg graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering.
+Bloomberg enrolled at Johns Hopkins University, where he studied electrical engineering and joined the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. During his time at Johns Hopkins, he participated in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), which helped shape his leadership skills and discipline. His father, William Bloomberg, died in 1963, just before Michael completed his studies - a profound loss that emphasized the importance of family and responsibility for the young student. Despite the emotional and financial challenges, Bloomberg graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering.
 After Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg attended Harvard Business School, earning his Master of Business Administration in 1966. That same year, he was drafted for military service but was rejected due to having flat feet. He would later become Johns Hopkins University's most generous individual donor, giving more than $4.55 billion to his alma mater by 2024, including a historic $1.8 billion gift in 2018 that made Johns Hopkins admissions permanently need-blind.
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 == Career ==
-=== Wall Street career (1966–1981) ===
+=== Wall Street career (1966-1981) ===
-Upon graduating from Harvard Business School in 1966, Bloomberg joined Salomon Brothers as an entry-level clerk in the firm's securities cage—the department responsible for settling trades and managing physical stock certificates. Working twelve to fourteen hour days, he gradually rose through the ranks, earning recognition for his analytical abilities and work ethic.
+Upon graduating from Harvard Business School in 1966, Bloomberg joined Salomon Brothers as an entry-level clerk in the firm's securities cage - the department responsible for settling trades and managing physical stock certificates. Working twelve to fourteen hour days, he gradually rose through the ranks, earning recognition for his analytical abilities and work ethic.
 Bloomberg worked his way up to become a general partner at Salomon Brothers, heading the firm's equity trading department before taking charge of systems development and communications. His technical background in electrical engineering proved invaluable as he oversaw the implementation of early computer systems on the trading floor. At Salomon, Bloomberg developed an intimate understanding of what traders needed: real-time data, analytical tools, and faster execution capabilities.
-In 1981, Salomon Brothers merged with the commodities trading firm Phibro Corporation. As part of the corporate restructuring, Bloomberg was let go from the firm after fifteen years. However, his forced departure came with a $10 million severance package—the seed capital that would fund his next venture and make him one of the world's wealthiest individuals.
+In 1981, Salomon Brothers merged with the commodities trading firm Phibro Corporation. As part of the corporate restructuring, Bloomberg was let go from the firm after fifteen years. However, his forced departure came with a $10 million severance package - the seed capital that would fund his next venture and make him one of the world's wealthiest individuals.
 === Founding Bloomberg LP (1981) ===
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 Bloomberg used his $10 million severance to co-found Innovative Market Systems with Charles Zegar, Thomas Secunda, and Duncan MacMillan in 1981. Drawing on his experience at Salomon Brothers, the then-39-year-old Bloomberg identified an unmet need in the financial industry: the lack of easily accessible, real-time market data delivered in a user-friendly format.
-The company developed the "Market Master" terminal, which debuted in 1982 as a proprietary computer system with a specialized keyboard designed specifically for financial professionals. The terminal allowed users to access live market data, perform complex analytics, and execute trades electronically—capabilities that were revolutionary for the time. Merrill Lynch became an early customer and investor, purchasing 20 of the first terminals and investing $30 million in the company.
+The company developed the "Market Master" terminal, which debuted in 1982 as a proprietary computer system with a specialized keyboard designed specifically for financial professionals. The terminal allowed users to access live market data, perform complex analytics, and execute trades electronically - capabilities that were revolutionary for the time. Merrill Lynch became an early customer and investor, purchasing 20 of the first terminals and investing $30 million in the company.
-By 1986, Innovative Market Systems was renamed Bloomberg L.P. in recognition of its founder. Within ten years of launching, the company had installed tens of thousands of terminals at financial institutions around the world. Bloomberg expanded the company's offerings to include a news service, radio and television networks (Bloomberg Radio and Bloomberg Television), and various other media and data products.
+By 1986, Innovative Market Systems was renamed Bloomberg L.P. In recognition of its founder. Within ten years of launching, the company had installed tens of thousands of terminals at financial institutions around the world. Bloomberg expanded the company's offerings to include a news service, radio and television networks (Bloomberg Radio and Bloomberg Television), and various other media and data products.
-Bloomberg served as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. from 1981 to 2001, when he stepped down to run for mayor of New York City. He returned as CEO in 2014 after leaving the mayor's office and served until 2023. As of 2024, more than 300,000 Bloomberg Terminals are installed worldwide, with each terminal costing more than $20,000 per year without bulk discounts. The company generates over $12 billion in annual revenue and employs approximately 20,000 people globally.
+Bloomberg served as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. From 1981 to 2001, when he stepped down to run for mayor of New York City. He returned as CEO in 2014 after leaving the mayor's office and served until 2023. As of 2024, more than 300,000 Bloomberg Terminals are installed worldwide, with each terminal costing more than $20,000 per year without bulk discounts. The company generates over $12 billion in annual revenue and employs approximately 20,000 people globally.
 === Political career ===
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 The primary election was originally scheduled for September 11, 2001, but voting was suspended and the election postponed following the terrorist attacks that morning. When elections resumed, Bloomberg narrowly won the Republican primary and went on to defeat Democrat Mark Green in the general election by just 2.5 percentage points. He was sworn in as the 108th mayor of New York City on January 1, 2002.
-==== Tenure as mayor (2002–2013) ====
+==== Tenure as mayor (2002-2013) ====
 Bloomberg took office less than four months after the September 11 attacks, inheriting a city that had lost more than 100,000 jobs and $2 billion in tax revenues. His twelve years as mayor were marked by business-friendly economic policies, public health initiatives, and controversial law enforcement practices.
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 In November 2019, Bloomberg entered the race for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination. His late entry meant he skipped the early primary states of Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina, instead focusing on Super Tuesday states with a massive advertising campaign.
-Bloomberg self-financed his campaign, ultimately spending over $1 billion—more than any self-funded candidate in American history. His campaign relied heavily on television advertising, digital media, social media influencers, and hired campaign staff across the country.
+Bloomberg self-financed his campaign, ultimately spending over $1 billion - more than any self-funded candidate in American history. His campaign relied heavily on television advertising, digital media, social media influencers, and hired campaign staff across the country.
 His presidential bid faced immediate criticism over his record on stop-and-frisk policing, allegations of sexist comments and NDAs with former female employees, and his wealth advantage over other candidates. During his first debate appearance in Nevada on February 19, 2020, Senator Elizabeth Warren confronted him about his company's use of non-disclosure agreements with women who had filed complaints.
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 === Stop-and-frisk policing ===
-Under the Bloomberg administration, the New York City Police Department dramatically expanded its stop-and-frisk program. According to data compiled by the New York Civil Liberties Union, documented stops increased 605% from 97,296 in 2002 to 685,724 in 2011. During Bloomberg's twelve years as mayor, police stopped and frisked approximately 5 million people—the vast majority of whom were young Black and Latino men from the city's most impoverished neighborhoods.
+Under the Bloomberg administration, the New York City Police Department dramatically expanded its stop-and-frisk program. According to data compiled by the New York Civil Liberties Union, documented stops increased 605% from 97,296 in 2002 to 685,724 in 2011. During Bloomberg's twelve years as mayor, police stopped and frisked approximately 5 million people - the vast majority of whom were young Black and Latino men from the city's most impoverished neighborhoods.
 In 2013, a federal judge ruled that the NYPD's implementation of the stop-and-frisk policy violated citizens' Fourth Amendment rights and encouraged racial profiling. Bloomberg initially appealed the decision but dropped the appeal after leaving office.
@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 At least 17 women have taken legal action against Bloomberg's company over the past three decades, with three cases specifically naming Bloomberg personally. Allegations in court filings described Bloomberg LP's office as a "boy's club where career advancement for women depended heavily on their 'sex appeal.'"
-In one high-profile case, salesperson Sekiko Sakai Garrison alleged that when Bloomberg learned she was pregnant, he said "kill it"—which she understood to mean terminate the pregnancy. Bloomberg denied the allegation under oath, and the case was settled confidentially.
+In one high-profile case, salesperson Sekiko Sakai Garrison alleged that when Bloomberg learned she was pregnant, he said "kill it" - which she understood to mean terminate the pregnancy. Bloomberg denied the allegation under oath, and the case was settled confidentially.
 During his 2020 presidential campaign, Bloomberg faced intense scrutiny over his company's use of non-disclosure agreements with women who had filed complaints. Senator Elizabeth Warren confronted him during a debate, saying: "A billionaire who calls women fat broads and horse-faced lesbians." Bloomberg initially refused to release women from their NDAs, calling past comments "bawdy humor," before reversing course and agreeing to release three women from their agreements.
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 Bloomberg married Susan Elizabeth Barbara Brown, a British national from Yorkshire, in 1975. They met when she was working as a temp at Salomon Brothers. The couple has two daughters: Emma Beth (born circa 1979) and Georgina Leigh (born 1983).
-Bloomberg and Brown divorced in 1993, reportedly due to lifestyle differences—Bloomberg frequently worked long hours and spent limited time at home during his years building Bloomberg L.P. Despite the divorce, Bloomberg has stated that his ex-wife remains his "best friend," and he reportedly provided her with a $500,000 bridge loan to purchase a new apartment in 2011.
+Bloomberg and Brown divorced in 1993, reportedly due to lifestyle differences - Bloomberg frequently worked long hours and spent limited time at home during his years building Bloomberg L.P. Despite the divorce, Bloomberg has stated that his ex-wife remains his "best friend," and he reportedly provided her with a $500,000 bridge loan to purchase a new apartment in 2011.
 '''Emma Bloomberg''' is a Princeton and Harvard graduate who founded Murmuration, a nonprofit focused on education reform. She sits on the boards of the Bloomberg Family Foundation and the Robin Hood Foundation. Emma has a daughter, Zelda Violet Frissberg, born in 2015. After divorcing her first husband, Chris Frissora, she married Jeremiah Kittredge, the former CEO of Families for Excellent Schools.
@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 === Partnership with Diana Taylor ===
-Since 2000, Bloomberg has been in a relationship with Diana Taylor, a former New York State Superintendent of Banks (2003–2007). Taylor first met Bloomberg at a luncheon in 2000, after which he asked her out for drinks. The couple lives together but has never married.
+Since 2000, Bloomberg has been in a relationship with Diana Taylor, a former New York State Superintendent of Banks (2003-2007). Taylor first met Bloomberg at a luncheon in 2000, after which he asked her out for drinks. The couple lives together but has never married.
 Taylor has referred to herself as a "unicorn" rather than Bloomberg's girlfriend, noting that "nobody's come up with the language around what we are." She has previously worked at Smith Barney, Lehman Brothers, and Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 === Education ===
-Bloomberg's most significant philanthropic commitment has been to Johns Hopkins University, his alma mater. As of 2024, he has donated more than $4.55 billion to the university—more than any living donor to any American educational institution. His 2018 gift of $1.8 billion enabled Johns Hopkins to become permanently need-blind in admissions. He served as chairman of the university's board of trustees from 1996 to 2001, and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is named in his honor.
+Bloomberg's most significant philanthropic commitment has been to Johns Hopkins University, his alma mater. As of 2024, he has donated more than $4.55 billion to the university - more than any living donor to any American educational institution. His 2018 gift of $1.8 billion enabled Johns Hopkins to become permanently need-blind in admissions. He served as chairman of the university's board of trustees from 1996 to 2001, and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health is named in his honor.
 === Public health ===
@@ Line 168: / Line 168: @@
 == Business philosophy ==
-Bloomberg's management style emphasizes data-driven decision-making, transparency, and meritocracy. At Bloomberg L.P., he famously worked in an open-plan office alongside employees rather than in a private executive suite—a practice he continued as mayor of New York City, where he worked from a desk in a "bullpen" rather than the traditional mayoral office.
+Bloomberg's management style emphasizes data-driven decision-making, transparency, and meritocracy. At Bloomberg L.P., he famously worked in an open-plan office alongside employees rather than in a private executive suite - a practice he continued as mayor of New York City, where he worked from a desk in a "bullpen" rather than the traditional mayoral office.
-Known for his directness and long working hours, Bloomberg has attributed his success to persistence and a willingness to take calculated risks. His approach to innovation focused on understanding customer needs deeply—a principle shaped by his years working with traders at Salomon Brothers before founding his own company.
+Known for his directness and long working hours, Bloomberg has attributed his success to persistence and a willingness to take calculated risks. His approach to innovation focused on understanding customer needs deeply - a principle shaped by his years working with traders at Salomon Brothers before founding his own company.
 == Awards and recognition ==