The 10 Scariest Things About Evolution Korea
Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is susceptible to populist impulses. Nonetheless, it is healthier than what one might expect.
The country is looking for an entirely new model of development. A Confucian culture that values respect for ancestors and gendered family relationships continues to influence the society. There are indications of a secularist culture trend forming.
Origins
In the prehistoric era the ancestors of modern Koreans were capable of surviving by hunting and gathering wild foods. In the tens of thousands of years after, they began to grow crops like millet and beans. They also raised livestock, and even made furs. They formed tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metallurgy industry, producing bronze and later iron tools. They also traded with other countries and introduced block and celadon printing to Japan along with art styles as well as a written language and paper making.
Gojoseon was established in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state embraced Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. During this time, the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon had a hierarchical structure in which a monarch and high-ranking officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy while the majority of the population was peasants. The state imposed taxes on these citizens and sometimes required them to serve in the army or take part in government projects such as building fortifications.
Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje at the end of the period. The new kingdom expanded its territory into the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the region. Baekje adopted Confucian ideas in its state beliefs system in 1390 CE and established the male-centric notion of filiopiety into a doctrine. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were accountable to their families. They must be obeyed by all and respected even by their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, a country that ruled from 918 until 1392 CE in the year 1392 CE, introduced to the world the Hangul Alphabet based on the patterns created by the mouth when it pronounces. This greatly improved communication and led to a rise in the writing of Buddhist text. In addition, movable metal type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was refined. In 1145 CE the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded for the first time.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements is evident in the form of graves paved with stone, with valuable items like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens, made of massive single stones, are also common throughout the country.
In the first second half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognized political state. The peninsula was ruled by various states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCbetween 635 and 57 BC CE) including Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla. Moreover, the northern region of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which the majority of historians don't consider to be a valid Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, also known as the Several States Period. In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful state, but its dynasty ended when Goguryeo was defeated in 676 CE leaving Baekje with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region around the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy prospered for a period of time.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged, and the three kingdoms began to cooperate to expand their territorial holdings. Silla, with the help of the Chinese, eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters the post-crisis period its development model is in flux. People who are shocked by the huge cost of the old system would prefer a thorough program of liberalization of capital, labor, and product markets. On the other hand the people who support the old system attempt to protect it by promoting nationalist sentiments, as well as by inflating fears about potential job losses.
The academic and policy analysts remain starkly divided as to the extent to the extent that these two trends are driving Koreas development towards an economic model that is radically different from the one of governance. This article examines developments to date by analyzing five phases of the country's political evolution: democratic illiberalism (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and participatory democracy (2002 to the present). This article also highlights the most important factors that are shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have made progress in promoting their beliefs to this segment. A 2009 survey revealed that almost one third of respondents do not believe in evolution. Of those, 41% claimed that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support evolution; 39% said the theory was in contradiction to their religious beliefs; and 17% said it was difficult to comprehend. This level of doubt is similar to the United States where a similar number do not believe that humans evolved from earlier forms of life.
In the past, the anti-evolutionist campaign in Korea focused primarily on the education of students and the introduction of Christ to them. A significant increase in interest in creation science began in 1980, with a four-day seminar held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul that included Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. This event attracted a large number of pastors, professors, church leaders and scientists.
The event's success resulted in the formation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31, 1980. The inaugural meeting was widely covered in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo, and it was well-received by the public.
KACR began publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In it, the organization presented its own work and published articles on scientific evidence for the existence of God. It also translated several slides and film strips from ICR and a few books on creationism that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks at universities and churches throughout the country.
One instance of a KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so interested in creationism, they raised money and got support to build a small museum dedicated to creation on campus.
In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine called CREATION. The magazine covers subjects in the creation science. It also sponsored a series lectures by ICR staff. It has also established an organization of local branch offices that give talks and seminars to children and other community groups.
The evolution of South Korea
In the latter half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts and other foreign fashion elements. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. During this time the famous samulnori or masked dance dramas, were popular with the public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and various musical instruments.
Korea's new development paradigm is being formed in the wake of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime is to find an equilibrium between market-oriented and state-led economic policies. It also requires changing incentives, monitoring or discipline schemes that have been a part of the system prior the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established in the middle of the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas, and people from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. It was therefore in constant conflict with Goguryeo, and the Chinese commanderies on the border.
The decline of Silla in the 8th and early 9th centuries enabled powerful local factions to emerge. Gungye, a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital and was in control of a portion of present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju. He was an adversary to Goguryeo.
However his rule was not long-lasting. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla Later, he incorporated Baekje into Goryeo and acted as a peaceful successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. From that point on the Korean peninsula was under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually became powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.
