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Angus Russell

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Angus Russell
NationalityBritish
EducationChartered Accountant (qualified with Coopers & Lybrand); honorary Doctor of Business Administration, Coventry University
OccupationBusiness executive, company director
CompanyShire plc
TitleChief Executive Officer of Shire (2008 to 2013)

Angus C. Russell is a British business executive and chartered accountant who was chief executive officer of Shire plc, the specialty biopharmaceutical company, from June 18, 2008 to April 30, 2013. He joined the company in December 1999 as chief financial officer and sat on its board for more than 13 years, first as group finance director and then as chief executive.[1][2]

Before Shire, Russell spent 19 years in the finance function of ICI and its pharmaceutical successors Zeneca and AstraZeneca, where his posts included group treasurer of Zeneca and vice president of corporate finance at AstraZeneca.[3] As finance chief Russell was part of the management committee that devised the company's strategy of concentrating on medicines prescribed by specialist physicians, and as chief executive he oversaw a period in which annual revenue rose from about $3.0 billion to $4.7 billion and the company added a regenerative medicine business to its specialty pharmaceutical and rare disease operations.[4][1]

After retiring from Shire, Russell became a non-executive director of a series of US-listed drug and biotechnology companies. He was chairman of Revance Therapeutics from March 2014 until its acquisition by Crown Laboratories in February 2025, and a director of Questcor Pharmaceuticals, InterMune, Mallinckrodt and TherapeuticsMD.[5] As of November 2026 he serves on the boards of Lineage Cell Therapeutics, where he has been a director since December 2014, and Structure Therapeutics, which he joined in August 2024.[6][5]

Early life and education

Little has been published about Russell's family background or schooling. Company filings give his age as 44 in April 2001, 51 in December 2007 and 70 in April 2026.[7][4][8]

He trained as an accountant and qualified as a chartered accountant with Coopers & Lybrand, one of the firms that later merged to form PricewaterhouseCoopers.[9] He became a fellow of the Association of Corporate Treasurers, the British professional body for treasury specialists.[3] Coventry University in the United Kingdom later awarded him an honorary Doctor of Business Administration.[5]

Career

ICI, Zeneca and AstraZeneca (1980 to 1999)

Russell joined the British chemicals group ICI in 1980 and stayed through its pharmaceutical successors Zeneca and AstraZeneca.[3] Over 19 years he held "a number of positions of increasing responsibility" across the three companies, including group treasurer of Zeneca and finally vice president of corporate finance at AstraZeneca plc.[3][9] Shire described his experience in these years as spanning "finance, strategy and marketing".[4]

In the AstraZeneca corporate finance role, according to a 2013 trade press account of his career, he was responsible for financial input into merger and acquisition activity, for managing the group's tax, legal and finance structure, for investor relations and for the management of various financial risks.[10]

Shire: chief financial officer (1999 to 2008)

Russell joined Shire as chief financial officer and was appointed to its board on December 13, 1999.[3] At the time the company was a mid-sized, Hampshire-based business that had floated in the mid-1990s, and its 2001 proxy statement listed him as group finance director, alongside chief executive Rolf Stahel and chairman James Cavanaugh. Russell also acted as company secretary, signing the notice of the 2001 annual general meeting in that capacity, and that meeting was asked to re-elect him as a director.[7] His title later became chief financial officer and executive vice president of global finance, and he served as the company's principal accounting officer for SEC reporting purposes.[9]

Russell later explained the company's strategy in an interview with The Independent. In his account, the company had spent heavily on research before its listing with little to show for it, and moving into primary care medicines would have required "tons of resources, particularly in the US market, to compete with people such as Glaxo and Pfizer and AstraZeneca". Instead the company joined what he called an emerging "subsegment of the industry" of specialty pharmaceutical companies, selling to small groups of specialist doctors and buying smaller companies with promising drugs close to market rather than pursuing early-stage discovery. The first such product was the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment Adderall, which was followed by the extended-release version Adderall XR, developed with drug-delivery technology the company had acquired.[11]

Russell said that by around 2001, generic manufacturers had begun "attacking your intellectual property within the period of patent" rather than waiting for patents to expire; Adderall XR faced a patent challenge within a year of its launch. That experience, in Russell's telling, pushed the company towards enzyme-replacement therapies for rare genetic disorders, where regulatory market exclusivity rather than patents protected the product: "it can't be challenged by the generics, there's no patent to go after", he told the newspaper.[11]

During Russell's years as finance chief the company made a sequence of large acquisitions, among them the merger with BioChem Pharma, which was pending at the time of the 2001 annual meeting, the purchase of Transkaryotic Therapies (TKT) in 2005 and the purchase of New River Pharmaceuticals, which brought full rights to the ADHD drug Vyvanse, in 2007.[7][1] The TKT and New River deals led to in-process research and development write-offs of $815.0 million and $1,866.4 million respectively, and the group reported a net loss of $1,451.8 million for 2007.[3] The board later said that Russell had been "a lead member of the Shire Management Committee that devised and implemented Shire's long term focused business strategy".[4]

Succession to chief executive (2007 to 2008)

On December 13, 2007 Shire announced that chief executive Matthew Emmens would become non-executive chairman in succession to James Cavanaugh, and that Russell, then 51, would become chief executive. The board said it had particularly considered "the significant benefits of continuity to Shire and its shareholders", that the appointments had been discussed in advance with major shareholders, and that the process had been led by senior independent director David Kappler. Cavanaugh said Russell had "considerable experience of Shire and the pharmaceutical industry in general" and that he had, with Emmens, "been instrumental in guiding Shire's successful development". The release said the company's market capitalisation had risen from GBP1.7 billion in March 2003 to GBP6.6 billion at the time of the announcement.[4]

The changes took effect on June 18, 2008. Russell also served as acting chief financial officer until July 1, 2008, when Graham Hetherington, formerly finance chief of Bacardi and Allied Domecq, joined as his successor in the finance role.[2][12] Russell said Hetherington brought "a track record of delivering good financial results combined with extensive strategy, M&A and corporate development expertise".[12] The handover came shortly after the group had placed a new holding company, Shire Limited, incorporated in Jersey, at the top of the group in 2008.[2][3]

Shire: chief executive (2008 to 2013)

As chief executive Russell also chaired the company's leadership team, the group of senior executives that ran Shire's businesses.[3] According to the remuneration committee's report for 2008, "upon assuming the leadership of the Company, Angus Russell began a review of Company strategy and vision", and once the board approved the resulting strategy, the committee aligned the short-term bonus metrics and long-term performance peer group with its goals.[3]

The company's achievements for 2008 listed in the same report included revenue growth of 24 percent, the approval and launch of Vyvanse for adult ADHD, the acquisition of the German company Jerini, and expansion of marketed products into Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Australia and Russia.[3] By the end of Russell's tenure the company was organised into three businesses: specialty pharmaceuticals (behavioural health and gastrointestinal conditions), human genetic therapies for rare diseases, and regenerative medicine.[13]

In his 2011 interview with The Independent Russell argued that large pharmaceutical companies entering rare diseases, as Sanofi had done by buying Genzyme, would find it hard to adapt because their model relied on scale and large sales forces. "In history, big pharma having bought these kind of businesses ... hasn't gone well," he said.[11]

In November 2012 Russell reorganised the leadership of the regenerative medicine unit, which had been built on the 2011 purchase of Advanced BioHealing and its wound-care product Dermagraft. Jeff Jonas was appointed president of the unit, reporting to Russell, while Kevin Rakin, who had led Advanced BioHealing, stepped down. Russell said: "We are pleased with the progress we are making in transforming our Regenerative Medicine business."[14] The company's 2012 annual report recorded that Dermagraft sales had fallen 21 percent, which it attributed to a restructuring of the unit's sales and marketing organisation and a new commercial model.[1]

Retirement (2012 to 2013)

On October 25, 2012 Shire announced that Russell would retire in 2013 "after 13 years with the Company and 32 years in the pharmaceutical industry". His successor, Flemming Ornskov, chief marketing officer of Bayer's general and specialty medicine business, joined the board as chief executive designate on January 2, 2013, and took over on April 30, 2013, the date of the annual general meeting. The company said the search had begun in April 2012 as a search for a new president of its specialty pharmaceuticals business who could in due course succeed the chief executive, and that it was led by Emmens and the nomination committee with an external search firm.[13]

Emmens said the board wished to thank Russell "for his excellent leadership and impressive contributions over many years". Russell said: "I've enjoyed every day of my time at Shire. I'm very pleased to have been a part of the growth story of this excellent company and to be leaving it in such great shape for further success."[13] Speaking to reporters, he said it was the "right time to move on" after the company had been transformed from a "little company reformulating old drugs" into a significant presence in areas such as hyperactivity and rare diseases.[15]

The announcement coincided with third-quarter results below analysts' expectations: non-GAAP diluted earnings per American depositary share rose 6 percent to $1.36 on revenue up 1 percent at $1.1 billion. Analysts quoted by Reuters said Russell was leaving the company "in a very strong position and with robust underlying growth".[16][15] Russell stepped down as chief executive and left the board on April 30, 2013.[1]

Board career after Shire (2011 onwards)

Russell had begun taking outside directorships while still at Shire. He was a non-executive director of City of London Investment Trust plc in 2008, and joined the board of the US biotechnology company InterMune in October 2011.[3][17]

In June 2013, weeks after leaving Shire, he joined the board of Questcor Pharmaceuticals. Questcor chairman Virgil Thompson said Russell had "helped to transform the company into the global industry leader that it is today", and Russell said he was "pleased to join the Board at this exciting time".[10] When Mallinckrodt acquired Questcor in August 2014, Russell was one of three Questcor directors appointed to the Mallinckrodt board under the merger agreement.[18][9] InterMune was acquired by Roche in September 2014, ending that directorship.[9]

In March 2014 he became a director and chairman of Revance Therapeutics, a Nashville-based aesthetics and therapeutics company, and he went on to join the boards of BioTime (renamed Lineage Cell Therapeutics) in December 2014 and TherapeuticsMD in March 2015.[19] The details of each role are set out under board memberships below.

Leadership and management style

Accounts of Russell's leadership come mainly from Shire's own disclosures and from his interviews. His appointment as chief executive was presented by the board as a decision for continuity: he had been one of the authors of the specialty strategy, and the board judged that keeping the same team in place protected a "differentiated and successful business model".[4]

Russell described the company's commercial model as one that avoided the large primary-care sales forces of big pharmaceutical companies. Discussing the Hunter syndrome treatment Elaprase, he told The Independent that when competitors asked how many sales representatives Shire used, "we'll say we don't have any. And that just shocks them instantly". Instead, he said, the company employed "medical science liaisons" who were "highly trained, highly scientific people because they need to have a dialogue with specialists", not "a rep who goes in with visual aids and gives five unique selling points".[11] After his retirement was announced he told Reuters that the company had thrived by targeting niche areas where it could build close relationships with patients, doctors, policymakers and payers.[16]

The remuneration committee tied Russell's pay closely to the strategy he set. Bonus metrics were aligned with the goals of his 2008 strategic review, and long-term share awards depended on total shareholder return measured against the FTSE 100 and an international pharmaceutical peer group.[3][1]

Major deals and strategic decisions

Under Russell, the company continued to grow mainly by acquisition and in-licensing rather than original discovery research, in line with the approach he described as having been set in the 1990s.[16][11] The 2012 annual report summarised the main transactions of the period:[1]

  • Jerini (2008): Shire acquired more than 98 percent of Jerini AG, which brought the hereditary angioedema treatment Firazyr. Together with the METAZYM programme acquired from Zymenex, the deals led to an in-process research and development write-off of $263.1 million in 2008.[3] Firazyr sales rose 252 percent to $116 million in 2012.[1]
  • Equasym (2009): the purchase of the ADHD product Equasym gave Shire direct access to the European ADHD market.[1]
  • Movetis (2010): the acquisition of Movetis NV brought European rights to the constipation treatment Resolor (prucalopride), with in-process research and development assets of $139 million recorded on acquisition. The company later acquired the US rights to the drug as well. By 2012 the company stated that Resolor's projected profitability would remain below the level forecast at the time of the Movetis acquisition, because of the European reimbursement environment.[1]
  • Advanced BioHealing (2011): the purchase of Advanced BioHealing, completed on June 28, 2011 for a net cash payment of $725.0 million, brought the diabetic foot ulcer treatment Dermagraft and became Shire's regenerative medicine business. Dermagraft contributed $105.3 million of revenue in the remainder of 2011.[1]
  • FerroKin and Pervasis (2012): Shire paid net cash of $94.5 million for FerroKin BioSciences, which added the iron overload drug candidate SPD 602, and $2.5 million for substantially all the assets of Pervasis Therapeutics, adding a vascular repair candidate to the regenerative medicine unit.[1]

In the same period the company sold substantially all its holding in Vertex Pharmaceuticals for $94.7 million in 2011, and agreed co-development and co-commercialisation terms with Shionogi for Vyvanse and Intuniv in Japan.[1]

Financial and market performance

The company's reported results across Russell's time as chief executive were as follows.[1]

Year Total revenues (US$ million)
2008 3,022.2
2009 3,007.7
2010 3,471.1
2011 4,263.4
2012 4,681.2

Revenue for 2008, his first year in charge, was up 24 percent on the $2,436.3 million of 2007, and the company returned to a net profit of $156.0 million after the 2007 loss.[3] In 2012 total revenues grew 10 percent, held back by a fall in Adderall XR royalties after a new generic competitor launched in the second quarter.[1]

Headcount grew from 3,769 employees at December 31, 2008 to 5,367 at December 31, 2012.[3][1] By April 2011 the company Russell led was a member of London's FTSE 100 index, with revenue above $3 billion and about 4,100 employees according to The Independent.[11]

The 2012 remuneration report recorded share price increases of 59 percent in its ordinary shares and 72 percent in its American depositary shares over 2008 to 2012, the difference being mainly due to exchange rate movements. Performance share awards granted in 2009 vested in full, after the company ranked eighth in total shareholder return among the FTSE 100 excluding financial institutions and third in its international pharmaceutical peer group.[1]

Remuneration

Russell was paid through the company's US payroll and his pay was reported in US dollars. For 2012 his base salary was $1.29 million and his total remuneration, including vesting performance shares, was $11.9 million, compared with $17.3 million for 2011. Russell received a pension contribution of 30 percent of base salary.[1]

The company disclosed Russell's retirement terms early, citing a policy of transparency with shareholders. On leaving he was to receive a contractual payment of about $880,000 in lieu of the rest of his notice period, representing about six months' base pay, pension and other contractual benefits, together with a pro-rated bonus for the part of 2013 in which he served as chief executive. The remuneration committee decided that no bonus would be paid for the notice period after April 30, 2013.[1]

Board memberships and outside roles

Revance Therapeutics (2014 to 2025)

Russell was a director and chairman of the board of Revance Therapeutics from March 2014 until the company's acquisition by Crown Laboratories in February 2025.[19][5] In his letter to shareholders in the company's 2024 proxy statement, he reported that 2023 product revenue had risen 80 percent to a record $213 million following the launch of the botulinum toxin Daxxify for frown lines, that Daxxify had been approved for cervical dystonia, and that the company had divested its Fintech Platform payments business. He acknowledged that changes to Daxxify's pricing and customer engagement strategies "have had an impact on our stock price", and set out the board's aim of positive adjusted EBITDA in 2025.[20] The board re-nominated him that year for a term running to 2027.[20]

On August 12, 2024 Revance and Crown Laboratories announced a merger agreement, unanimously approved by the Revance board, under which Crown would pay $6.66 per share in cash, a total enterprise value of $924 million.[21] Four days later Revance received a notice from Teoxane, whose products Revance distributed under an exclusive agreement, alleging breaches of their distribution agreement, which Revance disputed. The board met repeatedly through September and October 2024 while the start of Crown's tender offer was postponed, and the transaction was eventually restructured under an amended merger agreement at $3.10 per share.[22] The tender offer, at a final price of $3.65 per share, expired on February 4, 2025 with about 82 percent of the shares tendered; Russell and the other directors resigned when the merger took effect.[23]

Mallinckrodt (2014 to 2022)

Russell joined the board of Mallinckrodt plc in August 2014 on its acquisition of Questcor, and remained a director until June 2022.[18][8] He chaired the board's strategic review committee, which held no meetings in fiscal 2022 and was eliminated when the company emerged from Chapter 11.[24] His tenure covered the company's Chapter 11 reorganisation, described under controversies below.

TherapeuticsMD (2015 to 2022)

He was a director of TherapeuticsMD from March 2015 to December 2022, and chaired its audit committee in 2021 and 2022, when the board designated him an "audit committee financial expert". He was one of four independent directors who resigned from the board in December 2022, a year in which the company carried out a transaction with Mayne Pharma to which its commercial agreements were transferred. His director compensation for 2022 was $121,150.[25]

Lineage Cell Therapeutics (2014 to present)

Russell joined the board of BioTime, Inc., later renamed Lineage Cell Therapeutics, in December 2014.[9] The company, which develops cell therapies including OPC1 for spinal cord injury, re-nominated him in its 2026 proxy statement, which cited his "substantial experience in information systems and security and as an officer and director in the specialty pharmaceutical industry". He received $120,990 in director compensation for 2025, including $75,000 in cash fees.[8] Shareholders re-elected him on June 10, 2026 for a term running to the 2027 annual meeting.[6]

Structure Therapeutics (2024 to present)

Structure Therapeutics appointed Russell to its board effective August 26, 2024 as a Class I director with a term expiring at the 2027 annual meeting, and as a member of its audit committee. On appointment he received an option over 75,000 ordinary shares and annual cash retainers of $45,000 for board service and $10,000 for audit committee service.[26] The company's 2026 proxy statement said he was qualified because of "his expertise in corporate finance and strategy in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries and his public company board experience".[5]

Earlier roles
  • Non-executive director, City of London Investment Trust plc (listed in 2008; former director by 2012).[3][1]
  • Director, InterMune, Inc. (October 2011 to its acquisition by Roche in September 2014).[17][9]
  • Director, Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (June 2013 to its acquisition by Mallinckrodt in August 2014).[10][9]

Controversies

On October 12, 2020, while Russell was a director, Mallinckrodt plc and most of its US subsidiaries filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The company said the filing was intended to restructure its debt and to resolve legal liabilities, including a proposed settlement of all opioid-related claims against it and of matters related to Acthar Gel, the Questcor product, among them a Medicaid lawsuit and False Claims Act cases, one of which concerned the previous owner's dealings with an independent charitable foundation.[27] Mallinckrodt emerged from Chapter 11 and from Irish examinership proceedings on June 16, 2022, when Russell and all the other incumbent directors stepped down and a new board took office. The company stated that none of the departing directors resigned because of any disagreement with it.[24] No finding of wrongdoing against Russell personally has been reported in the sources reviewed.

At Revance, the sale to Crown Laboratories approved by the board Russell chaired was completed at $3.65 per share, against the $6.66 per share first agreed in August 2024, after the dispute with Teoxane delayed and then reshaped the deal.[21][23]

Personal life

Russell has spoken little about his private life in public. In 2011 The Independent reported that his main interest outside work was architecture, in particular the work of Frank Lloyd Wright, and that he collected cars, both classic and modern.[11]

Recognition

  • Honorary Doctor of Business Administration, Coventry University (year not stated in the sources reviewed).[5]
  • Fellow of the Association of Corporate Treasurers.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 "Shire plc Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 25, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Shire Limited Form 8-K: Item 5.02". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. June 24, 2008. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 "Shire plc Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 27, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "Board Changes". Shire plc (via U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). December 13, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 "Structure Therapeutics Inc. Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. April 23, 2026. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. Form 8-K: Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. June 12, 2026. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Shire Pharmaceuticals Group plc Notice of Annual General Meeting and Proxy Statement". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. April 27, 2001. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. April 29, 2026. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 "Angus C. Russell". BioTime, Inc.. December 16, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Questcor hires Shire's chief executive". Pharmafile. June 11, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 "Angus Russell: The drugs baron who manages without dealers". April 28, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Graham Hetherington appointed Chief Financial Officer and Board Director at Shire". Shire Limited (via U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). June 10, 2008. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Shire announces retirement of Chief Executive Angus Russell and appointment of Flemming Ornskov". Shire plc (via U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). October 25, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  14. ↑ "Dr. Jeff Jonas appointed President of Shire Regenerative Medicine Business and joins Shire Leadership Team". Shire plc (via U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). November 15, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Shire replaces CEO as profits miss forecasts". October 25, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Shire announces new chief executive". October 27, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "InterMune, Inc. Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. April 30, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Mallinckrodt plc Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. January 23, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Revance Therapeutics, Inc. Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. March 26, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Revance Therapeutics, Inc. Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. March 21, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Crown Laboratories and Revance Announce Entry Into Merger Agreement". Revance Therapeutics, Inc. (via U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). August 12, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  22. ↑ "Revance Therapeutics, Inc. Solicitation/Recommendation Statement (Schedule 14D-9)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. December 12, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Revance Therapeutics, Inc. Form 8-K". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 6, 2025. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Mallinckrodt plc Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. April 5, 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  25. ↑ "TherapeuticsMD, Inc. Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. May 17, 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  26. ↑ "Structure Therapeutics Inc. Form 8-K: Item 5.02". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. August 27, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2026.
  27. ↑ "Mallinckrodt plc Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2020". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. March 10, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2026.